![]() Geniocracy considers intelligence a crucial part of governance and suggest that only knowledgeable people should be involved in running the government. It advocates for creative problem solving, intelligence and compassion in running the government. Geniocracy is a system of governance proposed in 1977 by the leader of the International Raëlian Movement. The elected representatives formulate laws which are then passed to experts in the respective fields for analysis before becoming laws. Unlike meritocracy, a technocracy can be practiced with other forms of governance such as a democracy. The responsibilities in the area are left to the experts. The decision-makers are selected because of the expertise in the area. Technocracy shares a close resemblance to meritocracy. State leadership is left to people who exel in their field. The political philosophy is based on the ideology that people are more productive if they engage in what they like and possess knowledge about. In contrast, a meritocracy is a system of governance where particular sectors of the economy are left to the experts in the sector. According to Socrates, timocracy is a government run by individuals who love honor and are allocated state responsibilities according on the degree of honor they command in the society. ![]() A timocracy turn into a plutocracy when the wealthy gain control of the means of production. In extreme timocracies, the wealthy take total control of the government in disregard for civic and social responsibility. Timocracy refers to a governance system in which only property owners can participate in government and state activities. From 1997 to 2011, Myanmar was a stratocratic state. The military’s state role is supported by the constitution and the citizenry. In stratocratic states, the government and the military are constitutionally the same entity. Stratocracy is different from military junta or military dictatorship where the military imposes laws in disregard of the constitution. The military chiefs assume the control of the state, although they do not impose rules on the citizens. Stratocracy refers to a system of governance that is under military control. The ideology advocates for the leadership of the strong over the weak. Kratocracy is no longer a viable form of governance in modern societies due to the popularity of democracy. Kratocracy is a system of governance in which those who are strong enough to seize power take over the state activities through coercion, deception, and persuasion. Former U.S president Jimmy Carter and Noam Chomsky once described the United States as a democratic plutocracy. Ancient plutocracies include the Roman Empire and the Italian cities of Venice, Genoa, and Florence. Plutocracy advocates for the control of the society by the wealthy at the expense of democracy and equality. Plutocracy or plutarchy is a form of oligarchy in which society is ruled and controlled by a few wealthy citizens. The members of the council were from wealthy families, military generals, influential businessmen and large landowners. Aristocracy evolved in Ancient Greece where a council of noble people was chosen as part of the Senate. AristocracyĪristocracy is a system of governance in which power is vested in a few individuals considered the ruling class. Oligarchy exists in different forms such as aristocracy, plutocracy, kratocracy, stratocracy, timocracy, meritocracy, technocrachy, geniocracy, noocracy, theocracy, kritarchy and patricracy. The Athenians even drew judges and jurors from the public and vested them with the power to ensure justice and overrule the Assembly.įorms of Government by Oligarchic Attributes ![]() In fourth century BCE, Athenians revolted against the oligarchical government and restored democracy by selecting government officers from large groups of adult volunteers. Many political theorists believe that modern-day oligarchies might be mistaken for democracy because despite elections, power is still held within the hands a of select few. ![]() A majority of today’s de jure democratic governments are de facto oligarchies since they are ruled by a small group of people from powerful and influential families who have shared interests. Today the system is better known as plutocracy. The term “oligarchy” was pioneered by Aristotle to refer to the rule of the rich. Oppression is used to subdue those who rise against the state. The majority of oligarchies are known to be tyrannical, relying on the submission and obedience of the public. The control of oligarchic states is passed from one generation to the other, although inheritance of the family wealth is not a necessary condition. The class of people in power is distinguished by wealth, family ties, nobility, military or religious control. An oligarchy is a form of governance in which administrative power is vested in a select few people.
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